Archive for November 2014
Primary research is completely based on gathering your own data, so if you are wanting/needing to gather primary data, a questionnaire can be a useful way of collecting this information. For a questionnaire, you can design the actual thing yourself and then hand it out/put it online, because you will have created it yourself this allows you to really collect the information you need for your specific area. These can be used for when you need feedback on a particular media product, or if you also need to understand your target audience better.
Here is an example questionnaire I found on google after conducting a search 'questionnaires on media products' I found this in images, this is a girls questionnaire she needed to conduct for college work so it is a perfect example of how primary research can be collected.
Here is an example questionnaire I found on google after conducting a search 'questionnaires on media products' I found this in images, this is a girls questionnaire she needed to conduct for college work so it is a perfect example of how primary research can be collected.
Another good way to create primary research is through observations, scenes such as interviews or meetings can be observed and then information can be collected from these meetings, this information can be gathered through note taking and generally taking in the information. It also then allows you to be in contact with different people from different places, this means that it could open you up to new data that you had not previously found based on peoples different opinions, this information could then be extended with other information that you have collected first hand to bulk it out.
The picture above is someone elses observations on social media, this is a good example of primary research as it shows his opinions on 5 different social medias in an easily readable format.
The picture above is someone elses observations on social media, this is a good example of primary research as it shows his opinions on 5 different social medias in an easily readable format.
You can carry out your own interview, you may find this more helpful as you can ask all the specific questions you need to know the answers to do, also this means that if you do not get your point across you have the opportunity to ask the question again and in more detail. Conducting an interview is a great way to complete primary research, it is a quick way to collect the information you need, for a questionnaire information needs to be processed, but for an interview this information will only be from 1 person, so the information does not need to be put together.
A discussion is something that can be between people or one person posting on an article, I completed a word search on discussion about SHADYXV, I then found a website called sputnikmusic.com where someone has completed a review on the album and allowed comments to be posted and ratings to also be made, a lot of reviews tend to be quite low and don't vary too much. So far looking through these comments people are all agreeing with each other about the album.
Qualitative research will always depend on the audiences' attitude to that particular media product, it is based on preferences of the audience. This is helpful to the industry for improvement on their work, they can then change and adapt this particular product and review what preference is the most popular. Here we have a post about Eminem's new video FT Sia, this lady is talking about how after Jameela Jamil wrote an open letter to eminem she received a lot of hate from Eminem fans. After reading this article I have decided she is 100 percent against internet haters, she makes it very clear without being rude. She also states that she is in defense of Eminem.
Government statistics are published by government agencies/public bodies, one of these can be other international organisations. Statistics are something that are collected and published by various governments, these could be crime and marriage statistics. All statistics that are published are verified by the government which makes them reliable. After completing a google search, I found https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics which lead me to Government statistics, this then shows published ones and also upcoming statistics, at the top of the page is states that ''Official statistics are produced impartially and free from political influence.''
Also on the gov website, I found these statistics which are about immigration. It highlights certain areas to show where the highest immigration is found.
Also on the gov website, I found these statistics which are about immigration. It highlights certain areas to show where the highest immigration is found.
Circulation figures are the amount of hits a newspaper/e-newspaper has received, it also determines whether the number of hits has risen or fallen, whether it be a huge change or a slight one. These figures can be collected by seeing how many people have bought a certain newspaper, for an e-newspaper a website counter can be added, this will then allow the reviewer to see how many people have visited this particular website. This will help media producers to determine which newspapers are more popular than others. These figures can be produced on a daily/weekly/monthly basis, out of all circulation figures, newspapers generally tend to receive the most hits. Circulation figures originated from actual printed newspapers when these figures first started to be collected.
Here I have a table from March 2013, that shows how many hits these particular newspapers received both online, printed and then the combined hits. This table allows you to see very clearly what newspapers received what hits.
Audio material is what sound can be stored on, only sound can be stored on these which then can be used by other individuals if you would like to share it, for free or for a small fee. The website called freesound.org is a very good website for this sort of thing, it has just about any sound you can think of, you search the page for what you would like and there are loads of different choices for the word you searched. If you register you are then able to download any sound you would like, all sounds on this site are free. Some of these sounds may even suit a short film, like a glass breaking, a bird chirping, or maybe even a fire alarm. There are a lot of useful sounds on this website. Also, it tells you who posted this sound, when, how many stars it received and how many people have downloaded it.
A CD-ROM which stands for a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, uses the same technology as a CD, it is laser read (although it has been said to sometimes be optically ready)data warehousing device, which means that text, imagery, audio and video can be stored on these discs. A CD-ROM is a medium for the use of storage of huge amounts of information, this then can be accessed through the CD-ROM drive on a computer.
One CD-ROM can store 650-900 megabytes of data. The length of time that this data may be accessible on the CD-ROM is debatable, this all depends on the real quality of manufacturing, it has been estimated to last around 2-15 years. CD-ROM databases that have sound effects already stored on them in a library are the most popular type of CD-ROM'S, these are called Ambient rom database's, may databases are available to buy that you can then store on your choice of library storage, if you would only need to use it once and not again you can hire these from a library.
One CD-ROM can store 650-900 megabytes of data. The length of time that this data may be accessible on the CD-ROM is debatable, this all depends on the real quality of manufacturing, it has been estimated to last around 2-15 years. CD-ROM databases that have sound effects already stored on them in a library are the most popular type of CD-ROM'S, these are called Ambient rom database's, may databases are available to buy that you can then store on your choice of library storage, if you would only need to use it once and not again you can hire these from a library.
The BBC have a sound effects library, it states the features on the sound library, this could be helpful for media producers who are trying to record their short films/films/music videos, it is available to anyone and it shows the price as well. Also, it tells you who has recorded it and a link to the original series file listing is available. It explains in great detail what the package contains and that they have been recorded by the top sound engineers at the BBC.
The web is a form of research that allows you to search for specific information and is available to pretty much anyone, all the information may not always be free so a small amount of money may have to be payed, or you might have to sign up to the website etc. The worldwide web is made up of many different links to just about any information you could think of. The worldwide web is the leading information retrieval service of the internet. WWW is interlinked hyperlink documents that are on the internet accessed via the internet, this means that you are able to view web pages that have text, imagery, videos and also other multimedia.
A photo library is a library that is stored with photos, these collections can vary from very old to also brand new. Some images are available to the public, but others may have to be payed for. Some individuals may chose to buy these images instead of hiring a photographer for it, this could save them or their company a bit of money.
Photo libraries can be online or on a computer, mobile phone, tablet etc. A photo library is sort of similar to an actual library, but instead of books it is photos. You use photo libraries all the time without realizing, you have one (most likely) on your mobile phone to store your pictures so you can also look at them again later on, your computer and also online you can use photos from or upload photos to an online photo library.
Photo libraries can be online or on a computer, mobile phone, tablet etc. A photo library is sort of similar to an actual library, but instead of books it is photos. You use photo libraries all the time without realizing, you have one (most likely) on your mobile phone to store your pictures so you can also look at them again later on, your computer and also online you can use photos from or upload photos to an online photo library.
A film archive is a list of films, put into a specific order.
Online you can find a film archive forum which updates their information often. If you visit this website, http://www.screenonline.org.uk, go to the film link then films by decade it gives you a detailed list of all the films that have been made and aired over a very long period of time (in years) You are able to click on the films and get an in depth description of the film itself, so you have an idea of what the film is. Also on some films you are able to see clips, but not all. These can be helpful is you wanted to find an old film that could not be bought, as you could search for the archive.
Online you can find a film archive forum which updates their information often. If you visit this website, http://www.screenonline.org.uk, go to the film link then films by decade it gives you a detailed list of all the films that have been made and aired over a very long period of time (in years) You are able to click on the films and get an in depth description of the film itself, so you have an idea of what the film is. Also on some films you are able to see clips, but not all. These can be helpful is you wanted to find an old film that could not be bought, as you could search for the archive.
Newspaper publishers use a lot of secondary research from journalists, they find this information from various different sources or they can use primary research (e.g. interviews, focus groups etc.) As with any research, it has to be examined carefully to make sure that it is accurate.
A newspaper is information that is printed onto A3 sized paper, very similar to a magazine in its format, but not size. There are many types of newspapers, these all can give different information so it is not all printed into one paper as it would contain a lot of information. There are daily and also monthly newspapers available from loads of different places. The two main types of newspapers that are seen a lot more than others are:
A newspaper is information that is printed onto A3 sized paper, very similar to a magazine in its format, but not size. There are many types of newspapers, these all can give different information so it is not all printed into one paper as it would contain a lot of information. There are daily and also monthly newspapers available from loads of different places. The two main types of newspapers that are seen a lot more than others are:
- Broadsheets
- Tabloid newspapers
A broadsheet is a newspaper with a large format, this type of paper is more of a serious type unlike tabloid papers. The content in a broadsheet is based all on information instead of pictures being used, reports in broadsheets are also more thoroughly researched and edited than other newspapers. It is also the largest newspaper you can currently buy, in my opinion broadsheets are better for researching/studying information as the news in these papers are more researched, therefore this could mean they are then more accurate. A tabloid newspaper is the most popular type of newspapers, the types of newspapers you will find in a tabloid format are The Sun, these types of newspapers are smaller in size and therefore easier to read.
Example of a Broadsheet
Example of a Tabloid newspaper
Periodicals are very similar to a journal/article, there are three main types of periodical which actually are a newspaper, magazine or a journal based source. A periodical is very useful to search for a particular type of book, they are often best used when writing research reports. Periodicals can be find in libraries, they are a very good source of information when they are needed as they provide a lot of help, they are published regularly so the information is not too out dated. The majority of periodicals are written for use by a general audience (this means they are not expected to have any specific knowledge.) The periodicals that are written for specialists are called journals.
Here we have a chart that explains what a periodical is, this is from the Medicine Hat College Library, it explains it from popularity to scholarly and also in trade.
Reference-based books were made so specific factual information and facts can be accessed, they can have an organisation similar to encyclopedias, bibliographies, directories and dictionaries. A directory is a book or a website that lists a certain individuals/organisations in alphabetical order, or even thematically using the details such as names, addresses and also their telephone numbers. Unlike other books and journals, these are common not aloud to be borrowed, so the information has to be studied and recorded at the source of where the book is found. These books can be very useful when you are conducting research, but a lot of the time this information can be out of date, so it is not always as useful as a website could be online as these are frequently updated and tell you a specific date and time of when this was published. By using a referenced-based book, you can easily record a page and then come back to this information later without having to spend a long time looking for it again, often people who tend to do a lot of research use these types of books.
Journals can be a very interesting and useful type of information, a lot of famous people did keep a journal which can be fun to read, its very helpful as you get to see what this person thought first hand instead of from someone else's opinion, if you are having to research a certain person, for example Anne Frank: The Diary Of A Young Girl is a very famous journal as it gives you a very good insight on what her life was like whilst her family was hiding for two years. Journals also can be found in libraries (not always, but sometimes) online you can find copies as well, it seems that it is more common to find them online and order a copy than to find them in a library.
Books can be found and bought in a library, book shops (Waterstone's, WhSmith, etc.) Books can also be found in school libraries and also online you have access to some amount of e-books for free, these can be purchased as well. When trying to gather information books are a very useful source, they can help with revision, presentations or maybe even if you just want general knowledge. At the front of books, you will see a contents page and also at the back of books an index, so it is then easier to find what you are looking for, this also means that you can save yourself some time instead of having to hunt through hundreds of pages for what you want. In some books, some content pages are more detailed and specific than others, that does not mean they are any less useful. Overall, the majority of books are secondary sources, this is where the authors take their primary source and then add their own analysis.
Who are they?
RAJAR (Radio Joint Audience Research Limited) is a non profit organization, it is the official organization to be in charge of measuring radio audience statistics in the UK. RAJAR was founded in 1992 and it is owned by BBC and the RadioCentre on behalf of the commercial sector.
RAJAR (Radio Joint Audience Research Limited) is a non profit organization, it is the official organization to be in charge of measuring radio audience statistics in the UK. RAJAR was founded in 1992 and it is owned by BBC and the RadioCentre on behalf of the commercial sector.
RAJAR are important as it provides an industry currency, they estimate how many people are listening to the radio over 300 stations. The information they collect is based on who listens, where this channel is being listened from, when and also how it is being listened.
Who's uses their data?
Their data can be used by media agencies for planning how much advertising time is worth buying when a radio station is on air. All the data that RAJAR has is collected by using a 7 day listening diary, it is estimated that 110,000 people aged 15+ are asked to fill out one of these diaries over 50 weeks of the year.
Who are they?
The National Readership Survey is a commercial organisation as well as a non profit organisation. The NRS is built up of different newspaper, magazine and advertising agencies. The company was founded to present reliable readership estimates for all newspapers and major consumer magazines in the country (This is UK based only). The NRS are governed and largely funded by the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising (IPA), Newspapers publishers Association (NPA)and the Professional Publishers Association (PPA).
The NRS Technical Committee is responsible for maintaining and developing the technical standards of the survey. Also, the NRS User advisory Panel (UAP) meets quarterly to help create new ideas for the survey to make sure that it is suitable for the users of the data in media buying and planning.
NRS is a a survey that is continuous, this means it is on going for twelve months of the year and 7 days a week. For people aged 15+, there were estimated to be 36,000 interviews in a year. These interviews can also be held at your home. For each title, the find out how long the quota ha been reading. On their website, they provide information involving what they do, their contact details and who they actually are.
How do they gather their data?
The NRS gathers their data through randomly selected interviews. The randomly selected applicants are chosen a member of staff from the NRS, they then go and conduct an interview which normally is estimated to only last for 27 minutes.
The company is conducted by the national readership survey council. many members of staff are sent over to interviewees houses to carry out the interview. during this process double screen computer systems are used which allows both the interviewer and applicant to have visibility of the screen.
What do they do?
It provides the most trusted and valued audience research that is used for print advertising trading in the UK. The survey covers over 250 major newspapers and magazines in the UK, the information shows the size and nature of the audience they receive, they are co-owned by newspapers, magazines and advertising agencies. The purpose of the NRS is to collect and provide correct readership figure estimates, 260 titles are included in their survey. The survey gives them the total readership for all those titles. They break down these figures by age, gender, region and social statuses
How do you access their data?
The data for NRS print and NRS PADD that is posted on their website is available without subscription. NRS subscribers have access to more detailed data via their log in. Most NRS subscribers can access the full NRS print and NRS PADD databases on one of the computer bureaux that is licensed by NRS Ltd to provide a data analysis service, this will allow subscribers to conduct their own analyses of the who NRS database, this also includes:
The National Readership Survey is a commercial organisation as well as a non profit organisation. The NRS is built up of different newspaper, magazine and advertising agencies. The company was founded to present reliable readership estimates for all newspapers and major consumer magazines in the country (This is UK based only). The NRS are governed and largely funded by the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising (IPA), Newspapers publishers Association (NPA)and the Professional Publishers Association (PPA).
The NRS Technical Committee is responsible for maintaining and developing the technical standards of the survey. Also, the NRS User advisory Panel (UAP) meets quarterly to help create new ideas for the survey to make sure that it is suitable for the users of the data in media buying and planning.
NRS is a a survey that is continuous, this means it is on going for twelve months of the year and 7 days a week. For people aged 15+, there were estimated to be 36,000 interviews in a year. These interviews can also be held at your home. For each title, the find out how long the quota ha been reading. On their website, they provide information involving what they do, their contact details and who they actually are.
How do they gather their data?
The NRS gathers their data through randomly selected interviews. The randomly selected applicants are chosen a member of staff from the NRS, they then go and conduct an interview which normally is estimated to only last for 27 minutes.
The company is conducted by the national readership survey council. many members of staff are sent over to interviewees houses to carry out the interview. during this process double screen computer systems are used which allows both the interviewer and applicant to have visibility of the screen.
What do they do?
It provides the most trusted and valued audience research that is used for print advertising trading in the UK. The survey covers over 250 major newspapers and magazines in the UK, the information shows the size and nature of the audience they receive, they are co-owned by newspapers, magazines and advertising agencies. The purpose of the NRS is to collect and provide correct readership figure estimates, 260 titles are included in their survey. The survey gives them the total readership for all those titles. They break down these figures by age, gender, region and social statuses
How do you access their data?
The data for NRS print and NRS PADD that is posted on their website is available without subscription. NRS subscribers have access to more detailed data via their log in. Most NRS subscribers can access the full NRS print and NRS PADD databases on one of the computer bureaux that is licensed by NRS Ltd to provide a data analysis service, this will allow subscribers to conduct their own analyses of the who NRS database, this also includes:
They also provide their subscribers with archived data for NRS Print and NRS PADD
Audit Bureau Of Circulations
Who are they?
ABC were founded on October 14th 1931 by the independent schools bursars association. They provide an independent verification of data figures/circulation to facilitate the buying and selling of space for advertising in national newspapers.
What are their roles?
ABC bring the industry together to agree measurement and process reporting standards that define what counts and determine practice.
They also offer independent audit and compliance services to deliver certification which verifies that data.
What data do they gather and what information do they have available involving different media products?
The data that the ABC gather is media based. Their data is thoroughly checked, this ensures that the data they have gathered is 100% accurate. One of the sources that they check data from is The National News Paper Certification, they check and verify their monthly circulation data. They also verify web traffic titles in the sector. They check this information for their popularity statistics, to make sure none of these are incorrect.
What clients do they gather for?
The agency gathers market confidence by delivering a valued stamp of trust across the media world. Their data is used and collected by a wide range of decision makers, these roles are:
Who are they?
ABC were founded on October 14th 1931 by the independent schools bursars association. They provide an independent verification of data figures/circulation to facilitate the buying and selling of space for advertising in national newspapers.
What are their roles?
ABC bring the industry together to agree measurement and process reporting standards that define what counts and determine practice.
They also offer independent audit and compliance services to deliver certification which verifies that data.
What data do they gather and what information do they have available involving different media products?
The data that the ABC gather is media based. Their data is thoroughly checked, this ensures that the data they have gathered is 100% accurate. One of the sources that they check data from is The National News Paper Certification, they check and verify their monthly circulation data. They also verify web traffic titles in the sector. They check this information for their popularity statistics, to make sure none of these are incorrect.
What clients do they gather for?
The agency gathers market confidence by delivering a valued stamp of trust across the media world. Their data is used and collected by a wide range of decision makers, these roles are:
They will then represent different interests of the media industry and they also have meetings regularly.
Why is the data important to the client?
If the data is found to be incorrect it is seen as useless, if this data becomes useless it will give a bad outlook on their reputation. If the client has recorded too much information, it becomes easier for mistakes to be made.
If your company is registered, this will enable you to have full access to the information they publish. If you are not listed, you will only be able to access the latest published data for a given product via a search. Being registered gives you an opportunity to sign up for e-alerts and this will also give you the option to purchase further ABC data and reports. Membership is open to advertisers, agencies, media owners and industry suppliers, other parties can access the data by becoming an information subscriber.
Broadcasters' Audience Research Board
The BARB, is an organization that is also co-owned by the BBC, the TP companies, Channel 4, BSkyB and the institute of practitioners in advertising who mainly deal with compiling audience measurement and TV ratings.
BARB was created in 1981 for compiling audience measurement and TV ratings for general television. According to BARB's FAQ, they commission various research companies to help provide their users with what they want, this also means that viewing figures need to be included. They study an approximate 5000 homes (all of which are classified as "paneled households") and they gather this information overnight to see which individuals watch what shows, they then compile graphs based on this information. They continuously do this to keep up with the constant change of the UK audience watching habits. Occasionally, they will use questionnaires to find out what people like to watch on certain channels.
Why is the method relevant?
This method is useful as it allows a new and constant flow of data, the use of questionnaires gives them a clear idea of what everybody wants and enjoys to watch on TV. It is very easy to access all of this information, so this allows them to quickly compile all of their data in a short amount of time.
What is the data gathered and used for?
The data is used to create figures that help to aid the most popular channels and TV shows to help boost the views and also their profits. The information they gather is vital to various TV stations as it shows them clearly which shows and channels are succeeding. Their clients are essentially the entire television audience and also the companies.
Why is the data so important?
It is extremely important to commercial television stations as they use the results to determine their own strategies for commissioning, programming and also for scheduling purposes. Based on BARB's viewing figures, television companies make key decisions about whether programmes should be repeated and also if series will be as well, or if they should be discontinued. BARB helps them to gain understanding of which programmes are doing better than others.
Furthermore, critics also need statistics for reviewing and rating programmes, films and series.
How does it help TV in general?
The system they use allows them to give their audience what they would like to watch and they reward the creators of these series or films whose ratings excel others (rewards are ratings of these programmes and films). This also can lead to other creators trying to keep up the standards of the higher achievers, money is also a very important factor of any programme and film.
On the BBC website, I found an article from 2013 about the royal baby, it discusses how popular royal baby coverage has been. I found this article under the complaints tab; http://www.bbc.co.uk/complaints/complaint/
(Pictures can be enlarged so they are easier to read by clicking on them)
The pictures above state what the complaints are about and also discuss BBC's aims of the royal baby coverage, also the viewing count has been stated by the BBC to show just how popular the story really is online and also showing how many were from the UK and globally
(Pictures can be enlarged so they are easier to read by clicking on them)
The pictures above state what the complaints are about and also discuss BBC's aims of the royal baby coverage, also the viewing count has been stated by the BBC to show just how popular the story really is online and also showing how many were from the UK and globally
Here we have a response on AMA Journals to an antismoking campaign released in November of 2007.
(To enlarge the picture click on it)
The article provides all the information on who cited it, the dates of when they did so, how to subscribe/sign up for further article alerts, the journal information, the article citation
(To enlarge the picture click on it)
1. Why do you think music artists and other people working in the media are concerned about the digital reproduction of their work?
When a music artist produces a new song/album, they need to ensure that it is copywrited straight away so their work cannot be stolen or copied and used by someone else. Copywrite is also put in place so that if someone does create something too similar or it has been copied that the artist/s will be notified as soon as this is found.
A huge problem for artists are their work being downloaded by consumers, they tend to have these concerns because a lot of music is downloaded/streamed illegally by consumers for free, the more that this happens the more likely that the artists are going to be paid less for their music as most consumers are able to have this music for free. Some of the music streaming companies like spotify do not pay the artists that are providing the music much money at all. This is quite a big worry for many artists as their music is being heard but they are not receiving the money that they really deserve. If spotify made the decision to raise the price of what customers have to pay to stream this music, this would then mean that they would receive more money which could and should be used to pay artists a more fair deal for their music that is being streamed. It will also lead to more artists being happier for their music to be streamed as they would receive a fair amount of money for it.
The website fairplayforcreators (linked with PRS). PRS have created this website to help keep consumers informed of recent news on the issues of artists not receiving enough royalties. Fairplayforcreators keeps its readers informed and educated on what PRS are trying to achieve. The website clearly states what their aims are, they want consumers to be able to enjoy the music for free, they also believe that artists should recieve a fair amount of money for what they are producing. The reason that concerns first arose over music not being free and available to customers is because google removed an artist/band from YouTube and no longer made it available to consumers for free. PRS also believe that google should pay the artists a fair wage to keep them on YouTube.
Spotify logo